Докуменация http://php.net/manual/ru/book.sphinx.php

Sphinx 2.1.2 repository

cd ~
wget http://sphinxsearch.com/files/sphinxsearch_2.1.2-release-1~wheezy_amd64.deb
dpkg -i sphinxsearch_2.1.2-release-1~wheezy_amd64.deb

Sphinx 2.0.8 + Debian 7

# Install Searchd + indexer
wget http://sphinxsearch.com/downloads/accept.php?file=sphinx-2.0.8-release.tar.gz ~
tar xvfz ~/sphinx-2.0.8-release.tar.gz
cd ~/sphinx-2.0.8-release
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/sphinxsearch --sbindir=/usr --with-mysql=/usr
checkinstall
# Install libsphinxclient
cd ~/sphinx-2.0.8-release/api/libsphinxclient
./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc/sphinxsearch --sbindir=/usr --with-mysql=/usr
checkinstall
# Install PECL/sphinx
pecl install sphinx

Sphinx 2.0.3 + Debian

// Установка Sphinx на Debian 6
wget http://sphinxsearch.com/files/sphinx-2.0.3-release.tar.gz
tar xzf sphinx-2.0.3-release.tar.gz
cd sphinx-2.0.3-release
dh_make -s -f ../sphinx-2.0.3-release.tar.gz
checkinstall

// Установка клиента
apt-get install dh-make
cd api/libsphinxclient
dh_make -s -n -p libsphinxclient_2.0.3
checkinstall
3 - указать версию клиента

http://pecl.php.net/package/sphinx

// Установка модуля php
wget http://pecl.php.net/get/sphinx-1.1.0.tgz
tar xzf sphinx-1.1.0.tgz
cd sphinx-1.1.0
phpize
./configure
checkinstall